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侵權(quán)法上的過錯問題
摘 要
過錯在侵權(quán)行為法中的重要性，已是我國法學(xué)界所公認(rèn)的事實(shí)。然而，對于與過錯有關(guān)的幾個關(guān)鍵性問題，如過錯的本質(zhì)、過錯的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，法學(xué)界并未有過系統(tǒng)的論述。主觀過錯的不足之處在于將意志和行為彼此分離,不能真正揭示過錯的概念且限制行為人的責(zé)任。而采用客觀過錯說能更好地揭示過錯的本質(zhì)，過錯是客觀的。過錯的客觀認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不僅降低了受害人的舉證負(fù)擔(dān)，最大限度保護(hù)了受害人的利益，同時也為法官在認(rèn)定加害人行為時提供了更為有效的方法。我國侵權(quán)法中的過錯認(rèn)定在法律有明文規(guī)定時依照法律規(guī)定,當(dāng)法律沒有規(guī)定時采取客觀過錯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
關(guān)鍵詞：合理人；“良家父”；過錯侵權(quán)；客觀過錯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
Abstract
The importance of fault in tort behavior law, it is the fact that has been recognized by the law circle of our country. However, there is no systematic exposition on several critical problems concerning fault such as the essence of fault and the judgment standard of fault. The disadvantage of the view of “subjective fault” is to separate the will with the action, and thus cannot reveal the notion of fault and cannot restrict the responsibility of the action taker. By contrast, the view of “objective fault” can better reveal the essence of fault that fault is objective. The objective view of fault judgement not only lessens the burden of victim to present evidence but also protects the victims interest to the most extent, and offer a more effective way to the judge to define the action of injury-taker. Whether the behavior does have the fault is judged according to legal rule when there is one or according to the objective fault standard of judgement when there isnt such a rule.
Keyword：the Reasonable Man； bonus patter families； negligence；Objective fault standard
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