5大基礎英語語法知識

時間:2024-10-04 10:55:34 基礎英語 我要投稿
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5大基礎英語語法知識

  零基礎學英語,大家要學好語法知識,下面5大基礎英語語法知識,你能記住多少?一起來看看。

5大基礎英語語法知識

  名詞單復數

  1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

  5.不規則名詞復數:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane

  6. 不可數名詞的復數就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

  名詞的格

  (1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:

  a) 單數后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

  b) 以s 結尾的復數名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags

  c) 不以s 結尾的復數后加 ’s children’s shoes

  并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:

  Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車

  要表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在并列名詞后加’s

  Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的'小汽車

  (2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關系:如:

  a picture of the classroom a map of China

  不定冠詞,定冠詞種類

  1. (1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle

  元音開頭的.可數名詞前用an :

  an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

  (2)定冠詞:the

  the egg the plane

  2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:

  (1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk

  (2)復述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

  (3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

  (4)在序數詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.

  (5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening

  不用冠詞的情況

  (1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.

  (2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.

  (3)復數名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

  (4)在節日,日期,月份,季節前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

  (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

  (6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

  但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.

  (7)學科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.

  (8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.

  (9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus

  語法知識三:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等

  1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。

  at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)

  2.on

  1)表示具體日期。

  注:(1)關于"在周末"的幾種表示法:

  at(on)the weekend在周末---特指

  at(on)weekends在周末---泛指

  over the weekend在整個周末

  during the weekend在周末期間

  (2)在圣誕節,應說at Christmas?而不說on Christmas?

  2)在(剛……)的'時候。

  On reaching the city he called up his parents.

  一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。

  3.in

  1)表示"時段"、"時期",在多數情況下可以和during互換,前者強調對比,后者強調持續。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀)

  動詞的四種時態

  (1)一般現在時:

  一般現在時的構成

  1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。

  2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學習英語。

  當主語為第三人稱單數(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。

  動詞+s的變化規則

  1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

  (2)一般過去時:

  動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的`構成規則有:

  A、規則動詞

  ① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

  ② 以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

  ③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

  ④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped

  B、不規則動詞(此類詞并無規則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

  see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

  are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

  (3)一般將來時:

  基本結構:

  ①be going to + do;

  ②will+ do. be going to = will

  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

  (4)現在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現在分詞

  動詞現在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規則:

  ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

  ② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

  ③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting.

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