英語四級:基礎語法精講

時間:2024-07-02 21:50:03 英語四級 我要投稿
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2016英語四級:基礎語法精講

  想要學好英語四級怎么能不知道這些時態呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。

2016英語四級:基礎語法精講

  動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)

  時態

  1)現在完成進行時態(have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.

  I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

  I’ve been sitting in the garden.

  2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作

  I’d been working for some time when he called.

  We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

  3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.

  By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

  In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

  4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時已發生的事.

  I shall have finished this one before lunch.

  They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

  語態

  可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:

  He was said to be jealous of her success.

  It was said that he was jealous of her success.

  能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

  It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

  The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

  擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:

  Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)

  雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態

  雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.

  He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

  Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

  賓補結構的被動語態:

  She was called Big Sister by everybody.

  Then he was made a squad leader.

  He was considered quite qualified for the job.

  The room was always kept clean and tidy.

  短語動詞

  Vi + adv

  The plane took off two hours late.

  Vi + prep

  They looked round the Cathedral.

  Vi + prep (有被動語態)

  延伸閱讀:

  句子成分(members of the sentence)

  英語的句子由主語部分與謂語部分組成。具體地講,主要有下列六種句子成分:

  1)主語(subject)它是句子所要說明的人或事物,是一句的主體。如I study English(我學習英語)中的I。

  2)謂語動詞(predicate verb)它是說明主語的動作或狀態的,如I study English中的study。

  3)表語(predicative)它是放在連系動詞之后表示主語的身分或特征的,如I am a student(我是一個學生)中的student;Our classroom is clean(我們的教室很干凈)中的clean。

  4)賓語(object)它是表示及物動詞動作的對象的,如I study English中的English。介詞后面的名詞或代詞,叫做介詞的賓語,如They don't work on Sunday(他們星期天不工作)中的Sunday,就是介詞on的賓語。

  5)定語(attribute)它是限定或修飾名詞或代詞用的,如He likes to drink co1d milk(他喜歡喝冷牛奶)中的co1d。

  6)狀語(adverbial)它是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞用的,如He works hard(他努力工作)中的hard。

  [注]虛詞在句子中一律不能作為句子成分。

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